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Jawaharlal Nehru, first Prime Minister of India.

Letter from the Editor

“Unity to be real must stand the severest strain without breaking”.
~Mahatma Gandhi

Villagers in India show a deep loyalty to their village, identifying themselves to strangers as residents of a particular village, harking back to family residence in the village that typically defines them. A family rooted in a particular village does not easily move to another and even people who have lived in a city for a generation or two refer to their ancestral village as "our village."

Indian Villagers share use of common village facilities – the village pond, grazing grounds, temples and shrines, cremation grounds, schools, sitting spaces under large shade trees, wells, and wastelands. Perhaps equally important, fellow villagers share knowledge of their common origin in a locale and of each other's secrets. Mutuality in rural life provides a sense of unity among residents of a village.

Likewise, Samar believes in unity, togetherness and brotherhood. Samar is trying to develop unity among youth through knowledge sharing.


Thank you.

Yours truly,
Editor

United We Stand

Why is it the case that we need any incident or accident rather to take place to stand united and act as a unit? All of us stand united, work together as a cohesive force to rescue the casualties. At that moment, we go so busy and get such devoted for the rescuing work that we even forget as to what religion and caste the subjects belong. We forget the rigid and difficult questions of cultural identities. The question, which stands, is, why can’t we be in the same state of mind always and forever. Why always some external force or agency is required for us to work in the most human way? The answer is that {we have gone such inhuman} it takes fountains of blood to provoke the feeling of love, humanity and our duty towards our country. When something happens, we start blaming others. The military services blame the Government sources. Ministers blame the foreign agents and then someone will blame someone else .The list is endless. Fact is that we all are equally responsible. I don’t know how long we will keep blaming each other like this. The time has arrived to take the responsibilities on ourselves.

This has been high time till we have waited for things to work out. But nothing's changed. India has been fighting against terrorism almost for two decades now. And what we have come to know is that the condition has deteriorated and been worsen. We can't wait for long and leave things on their own. We should stand and try to deliver.

We have heard a number of times "Nothing's going to be alright for this country" or "This country is going from bad to worse". I would like to raise a question to those who say these things. Why don’t they work for the betterment of this country? Why don’t they join the politics and political parties? Why don’t they join the Administrative services, become IAS or IPS and work for their country? Get into the system and make things happen. Just sitting with a cup of tea in your living room won't change anything. We will have to work for things to happen and work out.

It is a very disheartening fact that it’s been 60 years since our independence. And till date 30 % and above of
our population still lives below poverty line . A large number of people are suffering with fatal diseases like AIDS. We aren't still Polio free. Literacy is way below the average line of literacy in the world. Every year we are spending 60% on our Defence services and aren't able to roam freely in J & K. Rather than working as a strong cohesive force for the betterment of our country, we keep bitching and fighting on the grounds of the religion and caste.

If we keep fighting like this, it is not out of sight and not impossible that the word "SECULAR" will loose its importance for surely in INDIA.

Anurag Anand

The Hungry Planet

“O God! I thank you for the food provided to me, make me worthy of the food, that I am going to take."

I am accustomed to chant these sacred lines, which I along with my chums was taught to utter before taking the meal. However, do we ever think about the finest creations of the same god for whom even stale bread seems to be rare commodity to achieve? Do I make any hyperbole when I concede a bitter fact that --'balanced diet' and 'a la carte' -- these sorts of words are unfamiliar to them? Their marathon to manage a square meal really tolls the bells of mind and shakes the foundation of term "standard of living".

My whole agony derives its inspiration, rather elements from the report "The state of food insecurity in the world "published recently by FAO .According to which when human beings are planning to spend their vacation on moon ,near about 850 millions of us are engaged in a savage battle against 'hunger' and 'malnutrition'. Out of which 820 million people live in developing countries .Every year ,near about 50 lakh children (below five year of age) belonging to third- world countries screams and lastly sleeps in the lap of their mother, that too forever...{sadly India contributes 24.2 lakhs to it}.

So, will not the bills on the issues like education, economic- growth, IT sound hollow and somehow penny-pinching to them? When the world is busy in setting new milestones in the fields like nuclear science, space research, defence technology ,on the other side ,who will care for the grim fate of people who look towards World Bank and FAO for few bags of grains. Is not this very fact authenticates the very quote of Rudyard Kipling "White man's burden" even at the time when we are going to celebrate our 56th republic day.

Still I am optimistic as we have the potential to emerge as a superpower and I have some suggestions for solving this food crisis----

1. NEED TO HAVE A MANAGEMANT BODY AT CENTRAL LEVEL

This body will implement the existing govt. policies regarding ration-distribution strictly, thus checking black marketing and price hike of staple food. It will abolish corruption and provide innovative guidelines in making new laws, which will be executed, on economic basis and not on caste or regional basis.

2. BETTER UTILIZATION OF FUNDS


The financial aids given by world bodies, instead of falling prey to the bureaucratic hawks, should reach to the needy people directly. The govt. should also encourage bonafide NGO is working on grass root level.


3. SHUN THE CONVENTIONAL FARMING TECHNIQUES

Due to influence of urbanisation until 2020 AD, only 55% of the total Indian population will have farming as their occupation. Therefore, it is high time to focus on the urgent need of scientific temperament and better irrigation facility. This will help us in rising as a self-independent nation as far as the productivity is concerned.

4. BETTER CO-ORDINATION BETWEEN STATES

A better understanding among states will play a vital role in channelising the resources like buffer-stocks and controlling the prices. The proper food management, thus, save the live of the people living in drought or flood prone area.

5. ERADICATION OF PROVERTY

The time demands our attention towards the Gandhian thought of setting small-scale industries and new co-operatives. The need is also to make the provisions of giving loans and other helps to the poor more transparent. Generation of employment should be given the top priority. We will have to concentrate on the downtrodden class and the policies made must consider their problems as Amratya Sen also emphasised upon that.

Then only every citizen of the world will thank the god in true sense and this world will become a better place to live in for all of us.
Alok kumar
B.A. (Hons.),
Foreign Language, Korean
Narmada,
Jawaharlal Nehru University,

Poets of the world


T.S.Eliot



Thomas Stearns Eliot was born in St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.A. He graduated from Harvard University in 1909. He went to London in 1914. He remained there and worked in different professions. He became a British subject in 1927. He served English literature, until his death, he died in London itself. However, he visited America as lecturer and teacher but he was no more an American.

Eliot’s poetry is poetry of social change. He was dejected and frustrated with society’s behaviour. He discarded many established norms and straightforwardly attacked on the ideological chaos of present society. Look at these lines-

We are the hollow men
We are the stuffed men
Leaning together
Headpiece filled with straw. Alas!

The above stanza is taken from Eliot’s one of the finest creation, ‘The Hollow Men’ (1925). The poem is not only a powerful strike on people’s ordinary behaviour towards beauties occur in life and after life but it is also shown as breaking the rule of orthodox poetry. The lines are long and short and they are not following the rhyming scheme. The poetic devices are often ignored in Eliot’s poetry. ‘The Hollow Men’ had made mark in literary arena. It showed that Eliot possessed a distinct art of writing poetry that did not look like orthodox art of writing poetry, especially in physical manner.

Eliot’s revolutionary methodology not only influenced English poets and writers but also writers from other parts of the world. I remember, noted Hindi writer Agey (1911-1987) who was torchbearer of progressive poetry movement in Hindi poetry writes on several occasions that Eliot has heavily influenced him. Eliot’s imageries were fresh and new, they broke the old, heavy and dull stone of metaphors. The age of lyrical ballad and melancholy elegy has transformed into the age of broken verses where the poet is not bound to poetic devices. This happened in England only due to Eliot’s mastery. The similar thing happened in India in 1940s, when Agey edited ‘Taar Saptak’ (It was an anthology of poems of seven poets, edited by Agey )
This book had all new kind of poetry having new imageries, new metaphors and new similes. They were too simple to be called lyrical. This was called – Nayee Kavita (new poetry) by Agey.


Eliot was, as said earlier disappointed with the moral decaying of society. He makes mockery of the achievements of society of his time. In a poem he creates, an imaginary character called Macavity, which is troublesome for everybody in the society-

Macavity is a cat; he’s called the Hidden Paw-
For he’s the master criminal who can defy the Law.
He is the bafflement of Scotland Yard, the flying squad’s despair
For when they reach the scene of crime - Macavity is not there!

Macavity, Macaviy, there is no one like Macavity;
He’s broken every human law; he breaks the law of gravity
His powers of levitation would make a fakir stare;
And when you reach the scene of crime – Macavity’s not there


His most famous work is probably ‘The waste land’ published 1992. His friend and critic Ezra Pound (1885-1972) edited this book. He himself was a great poet. He promoted a number of poets and was harbinger of modern movement in English and American literature. Eliot was also one of them who got promotion and acclaim with the buck up of Pound. Initially ‘The waste land’ had 800 lines but on the suggestion of Ezra Pound Eliot cut it down to 433 lines. The wasteland brought him an international reputation. The wasteland was an example of disillusionment with world. This disillusionment and dejection was created by World war one.

When he left America, he spent one or two years in France and attended Bergson’s philosophical lectures, which influenced him too much. There he read heavily about mystical poets. John Donne, Webster, influenced him. He came back to America in 1911 to study Indian philosophy at Harvard. He even learnt Sanskrit but he again went to Europe and never could reside in America again.

This was the time he had started writing poetry. His poetry during undergraduate study was conventional and simple. Later he developed his own style. His first important publication, which was going to set a mark of modernism in English, was ‘The love song of J. Alfred Prufrock. Eliot showed with this, that he’s not only master of letter but also he has brought something new in English. This new was not only Eliot’s personal ambition but it was the need of time. Eliot was trying to create new verse rhythms based on rhythms of contemporary speech. He sought a poetic diction that might be spoken by an educated person being “neither pedantic nor vulgar” (Eliot’s own words)

In 1919, he published poems, which contained the celebrated poem ‘Gerontion (meaning old age; here in the poem an old man is depicted). This poem is interior monologue. Some lines from this poem are given below-

Here I am, an old man in a dry month,
Being read to by a boy, waiting for rain
I was neither at the hot gates
Nor knee deep in the salt marsh heaving a cutlass
Bitter by flies fought

Interior monologue means a literary piece in which the narrator talks about himself he gives his own description. This had not ever happened in English.
Eliot’s poetry was developing along with his works on criticism. He wrote many masterly woven essays on poetry and philosophy. The first book in this series was the ‘Sacred wood’ (1920). He himself said that a poet must write “programmatic criticism” that expresses the poet’s own interest as a poet. This book helped in understanding Eliot’s unorthodox poetry. Other important books of criticism, were ‘The use of poetry and the use of criticism’(1993), ‘Thoughts after Lambeth’(1931), ‘The Idea of Christian Society’ and ‘Notes Towards the Definition of Culture’(1948). These essays were broadening the space of criticism into the space of the sociology and philosophy.

The criticism by Eliot was actually trying to grasp the essence of theology and philosophy also and same ploy he was using in his poetry and it was at its best when he was converted to subject of Church of England. That is why his critics say that his poetry and criticism were interwoven.

The masterpiece created by Eliot is ‘The four quartets’. This book has four parts; the first quartet ‘Burnt Norton’ was written in 1936, three other quartets are ‘East Coker’ (1940), ‘The Dry salvages’ (1941) and ‘Little Gidding’(1942). These four quartets were published as a single book in 1943. This book led Eliot to the award of Nobel Prize in 1948 for Literature.

Eliot had written many plays, which were performed in London, but they were not claimed as artistic as his poetry is. He started writing plays in 1920s but abandoned in 1930s. After World war-two, he resumed writing plays. Prominent among them are ‘The cocktail Party’ (1949), ‘The confidential clerk’ (1953), ‘The Elder Statesman’ (1958). These plays could not get such popularity as his poetry had.

Eliot died on 4th January 1965 in London England.

Return to basics: A Travelogue

Perhaps each of us has gone through such feelings when we do anything out of the way, which is not compatible with present trends of the society. One of such works is to visit your native village where your ancestors spent their childhood. When you live in a glittering city, it is difficult to trade its glamour with simplicity of an Indian village where scarcity of common amenities is very likely. However, for me visiting my native village is like returning to my basics. It was not only an ordinary visit and it was a delight.

Lahsania - a village on Northern boundary of India, close to Nepal is situated on the bank of Bhagmati River in district of East Champaran. It is very unlucky to get flooded almost every alternate year. However, to a great surprise in 2004 when almost the whole of Bihar was in flood, Lahsania was the only village safe and secured. The population of the village is nearly 3000 and people generally speak Bhojpuri. The soil is very fertile so the chief occupation is farming. Banana grows in abundance and is even exported to the nearby markets. But apart from this at least one or two members of each family lives either in Mumbai or in Saudi Arabia to earn a better a livelihood.

This was a brief description of the place where I celebrated Id ul fitr this year. This was not my first visit to Lahsania but this time I tried to study this village. It was not a difficult task; in fact, it turned out to be very interesting experience. Soon after sunset, a blanket of darkness covers the village but that brings out the best part of the day. How? This is the time when one is compelled to believe that peace and harmony does exist in some part of the earth. Whole of Lahsania gets into groups five to ten. They acquire places anywhere they find suitable - on the roadside, teashops, in frontyards of their houses etc. They discuss different topics, their own problems and talk about social matters. This usually lasts for two to three hours every evening.

Children of this village are very attractive. They are very much curious. Curious for what is unanswered. Most of the children carry transistors wherever they go. Radio is used for hearing songs and cricket match commentary only. Once I saw a video song of a popular artist Himesh Reshamiya, in company of some other boys. One of them commented “ ee itna hero bantan ki topi kahiyo na utar tan”(he thinks himself a superstar that he never puts off his cap). Once I heard two boys conversing that Sharukh Khan looks very smart in Munna Bhai MBBS. The ignorance about cinema and other mode of communication is because there is no electricity supply in the village. My grandfather told me that once the government tried to supply electricity to Lahsania but some old people stopped it due to the fear of catching fire. Interesting to know that Lahsania is prone to flood and fire both.

One thing I found very odd bout this village. Life style of members of the same family greatly varies. Elder brother sports casual t-shirt and jeans while the younger brother does not even have a vest to wear. I was surprised on Eid when I saw Jumman wearing branded jeans and t-shirt and while his younger brother was wearing a kurta hardly pressed. I asked Jumman he said that he works in a factory in Mumbai. His Seth (boss) has discarded the clothes and gave it to him but he has no money to buy something good for his brother and family.

Everything was good and satisfactory except one thing; the village is going backward day by day in the field of education. No sooner, a child reaches the age of nine or ten his parents send him to Delhi or Mumbai to earn money. I just counted that my friends with whom I used to play in my childhood days on my fingers. I found that thirty-one of them are working in Mumbai only. Those who are not working are studying in Madarsa or Maktab. They can hardly do anything for development of society because they are not living in a good environment. Even now, child marriage is practised here though it has decreased a lot.

Overall, Lahsania is a good place – geographically, socially and to some extent even economically. Hope it will progress and advance towards development.


Shahbaz

Misery and Me

This is the right time for us (youth) to speak, because our thoughts, words and actions can rock the whole nation. We have been seeing since generations, the poverty and the misery around us. These miseries and poverty are not new and for centuries it exists and spreading like fire.

There is nothing to be surprised at if I say that there is always one, who wishes to change the complete pattern, but his beautiful idea are always sent to exile. This ‘noble man’ cannot bring his ideas into reality, for we stop and send him to exile. ‘We’ are such engrossed to glorify our external beauty that we are not left with our rationale to think good for our society and people. Each one of us knows this, but still we have cocooned ourselves with false satisfaction of our material need, external appearance and all imageries. We are in the world of our own made beliefs, where everything is considered excellent. It is just our false satisfaction, which has moulded us.

The youths of this era are bankrupt of their feelings for poor around them. Our monstrous ideas, which we call, as fashionable trend is the only thing, which makes us happy. The only thing worth mentioning is that our conscience does not appeal us, for it is dead.
The poor do not come on themselves. They have been exploited since decades and centuries. They are deprived of their rights and the deprived of their education.

To assert my views more firmly I would like to present a short, appealing and a true story.
One early morning, I was getting later for my tuition and was walking fast. On the opposite side of the road a man, who looked like a servant came and emptied the waded dustbin perhaps with the left over food of last day. Before I could comprehend anything, two women came running and started quarrelling over the food; they fought, thrashed and snatched the food from each other. I was completely aghast because it was the first time I saw such a situation. My movement stopped and I watched it for minutes and it was a bit difficult for me to believe that even such people do exist in this world. The scene occurred in my mind for many days and I still remember it.

We can give our big support to them and if we cannot, then it is the dearth of our good creativity. Our one humane touch to the society and people can fulfil our noble dream. The dream which everybody possesses in his eyes that one day this world will become beautiful.
“If we think deeply of time, then we will get a conclusion that time is precious and we are wasting it freely.”

Let us get prepared to give a start to the new era of unbounded success with the spirit of brotherhood and sprit of social humanity.

Asim Abdullah

Let us be Together


What if I am black and you white?
Why you abuse us and start a fight?
What is it that makes us so different?
Look at us! We are also innocent
With you we live in same gutter
Give it a thought and let us be together
. .
Tell me if it is religion or colour of our skin?
Do you have any reason to fight like sin?
What is it that has created a lacuna?
Even Shrek was married to Fiona
Like you even, I had bread and butter
Give it a thought and let us be together
. .
How many deaths will it take to settle down?
What will happen if everything is drawn?
Who is going to gain and who will loose?
You are the decider you have to choose
with you, we take the same air
Give it a thought and let us be together
. .
What is it that compels you to hate us?
Why rainbow is loosing colours?
Why you hesitate to hold each other’s hand?
Kill your ego! We share same land
like you even, we call her Mother
Give it a thought and let us be together

Azmi

VOTE OF THANKS


We are proud to present the tenth edition of ‘SAMAR’. We hope you must have enjoyed the magazine. You can also read the magazine online at www.mysamar.blogspot.com. You can also give your feedback through e-mail or post.

Last but not the least; again, we would like to thank the readers, writers and sponsor of ‘SAMAR’.

EDITOR

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Back Cover


Collage from the pictures of Rural India.

April 2008

April  2008
Samar - a bimonthly and bilingual magazine