जानिए अपने अधिकार

;fn Kku 'kfDr gS rks vKku nqcZyrk ,oa csclh A vaxzstks us lh-vkj-ih-lh- ,d xqyke ns'k ds yksxksa ij 'kklu dh idM+ etcwr djus ds fy, cuk;h Fkh A fons'kh 'kkld dh utj es iztk ds thou vkSj O;fDrxr Loara=rk dh dksbZ vgfe;r ugha gksrh A blfy, mudks iqfyl dks fdlh Hkh lhek rd vf/kdkj nsus esa dksbZ fgpd ugh gksrh A ;gh dkj.k gS fd lh-vkj- ih-lh- dh /kkjk 41 esa iqfyl dks fcuk okjaV ds fxj¶rkj djus dk vf/kdkj gS A
turkaf=d O;oLFkk dks viukus vkSj lafo/kku es thou vkSj O;fDrxr Lora=rk dk ekSfyd vf/kdkj nsus ds ckotwn iqfyl ds bl euekus vf/kdkj dks u lhfer fd;k x;k vkSj u blds nq:i;ksx ds fy;s mudks ftEesnkj Bgjkus dh O;oLFkk dh x;h A urhtk gS fd yk[kksa yksx fcuk t:jr tsyksa es can gksrs gS A fxj¶rkjh dk Hk; fn[kkdj iqfyl yksxks ls iSls olwyrh gS ] gktr es NksVs NksVs vijk/k djus okyksa dks ekjrh fiVrh gS vkSj dqN dh gR;k rd dj nsrh gS A
,slh fLFkrh es vke yksxksa ds fy, cprk gS tkudkjh] vnkyr ds dqN mnkj fu.kZ; vkSj dkuwu ds dqN izko/kku tks vfLrRo es rsk gS ij O;ogkj es ugh A ge bl dkWye ls ikBdksa dks muds vf/kdkj ls ifjp; djk,axs A ,slk ge ekurs gS fd ekuokf/kdkjksa dh tkudkjh lekt dh muds izfr laosnuk izkIr vf/kdkjksa dh lqj{kk rFkk vf/kdkj {ks= dk foLrkj gh leL;k dk ,d ek= funku gS A
ge bl ckj ^^fxj¶rkjh ** ds laca/k esa vius vf/kdkj dks tkuasxs A
fxj¶rkjh &
fxj¶rkjh ds laca/k esa mPpre U;k;ky; dk foLr`r vkns'k ¼Mh-ds- clq cuke if'peh caxky ljdkj ¼1997½ 1 ,l- lh- lh- 416½
¼d½ fxj¶rkj djus okys vf/kdkjh dk uke rFkk in dh iÍh Li"V fn[kkbZ ns A
¼[k½ iwNrkN djus okys iqfyl vf/dkjh dk C;kksjk jftLVj esa vo'; ntZ gks A
¼x½ fxj¶rkjh ds le; eseks vkWQ vjsLV vfuok;Zr% cus ftl ij fxj¶rkj O;fDr ds ifjokj dk dksbZ O;fDr ;k bykds dk dksbZ tkuk ekuk O;fDr xokg gks ftldk eseks ij gLrk{kj gks A
¼?k½ fxj¶rkj O;fDr dk Hkh ml ij gLrk{kj gks A
¼M½ fxj¶rkjh dk le; rFkk rkjh[k ntZ gksuk vfuok;Z gS A
¼p½ fxj¶rkj O;fDr ds ifjokj dks ;k 'kqHkfpard dks fxj¶rkjh dh lwpuk vkSj fxj¶rkj O;fDr dgkWa gS ] bldh lwpuk nh tk, A
¼N½ fxj¶rkj O;fDr dks crk;k tk, fd mldks lwpuk Hkstokus dk vf/kdkj gS A
¼t½ tgkWa fxj¶rkj O;fDr dks j[kk x;k gS ogkWa mk;jh es fxj¶rkj O;fDr rFkk ftldks lwpuk nh xbZ gS mldk rFkk fgjklr es j[kus okys iqfyldehZ ds uke ntZ gksus pkfg;s A
¼>½ fxj¶rkj O;fDr dh gj 48 /kaVs ij MkDVjh tkWp gksuh pkfg;s A
¼¥½ fxj¶rkjh esa iwNrkN ds nkSjku fxj¶rkj O;fDr dks vius odhy ls feyus dk gd gksxk A ;fi iwjs iwNrkN ds le; odhy dk jguk t:jh ugh gksxk A
¼V½ ftyk rFkk jkT; ds eq[; dk;kZy;ksa esa daVªksy dk izko/kku gksxk ftldh lwpukiV ij fxj¶rkj O;fDr dh lwpuk yxkbZ tk;sxh A fxj¶rkjh dh lwpuk daVªksy :e dks fxj¶rkjh ds 12 ?kaVs ds vanj nh tk;sxh A
¼2½ fxj¶rkjh ds le; fxj¶rkj O;fDr ds 'kjhj dks Nwus vkfn ij jksd ¼lh0 vkj0 ih0 lh0 /kkjk 46¼1½ & ;fn fxj¶rkj fd;k x;k O;fDr viuh fxj¶rkjh dks Lohdkj ysrk gS rks fxj¶rkj djus okyk O;fDr mlds 'kjhj dks gkFk ugha yxk;sxk A ¼3½ ¼d½ fxj¶rkj fd;s x;s O;fDr ij t:jr ls vf/kd (restraint) cafn'k ij jksd ¼lh0 vkj0 ih0 lh0 /kkjk 49¼1½ & fxj¶rkj fd;s O;fDr ij t:jr ls vf/kd cafn'k ugha j[kh tk ldrh A ml ij mruh gh cafn'k j[kh tk ldrh gS ftruk mldks Hkkxus ls jksdus ds fy, vko';d gks A ¼[k½ gFkdM+h & loksZPp U;k;ky; us flVhtsu QkWj Mseksdzslh cuke LVsV vkWQ vklke ¼1995½ ( Citizens for Democracy Vs State of Assam (1995) 3 SCC 743 ) esa gFkdM+h ds ckjs esa fuEufyf[kr fn'kk funsZ'k fn;s &
bl ns'k ds fdlh Hkh dkjkxkj es can ltk;k¶rk ;k xSj ltk;k¶rk ¼fopkjk/khu½ canh dks ,d tsy ls nwljs tsy vFkok tsy ls vnkyr ,oa vnkyr ls okil tsy ys tkus ds dze esa gFkdM+h vFkok nwljs ca/ku esa ugh ckWa/kk tk;sxk A vxj fdlh iqfyl vf/kdkjh dks ,slk yxrk gS fd dksbZ dSnh tsy ls vFkok dSn (Custody) ls Hkkx ldrk gS rc og mls lacaf/kr naMkf/kdkjh ds le{k izLrqr djsxk A naMkf/kdkjh fojy ekeyksa esa tgkWa dSnh }kjk iwoZ esa fgald izo`fr iznf'kZr djuk] dSn ls Hkkxus dh dksf'k'k djuk vFkok mldk bruk [krjukd gksuk fd mls Hkkxus ls jksdus dk nwljk dksbZ O;kogkfjd rjhdk miyC/k u gksuk] dk fuf'pr izek.k ekStwn gks] gFkdM+h yxkus dh btktr ns ldrk gS A
nwljs lHkh ekeyksa esa iqfyl fdlh fxj¶rkj O;fDr dks gFkdM+h ugha yxk;sxh ftls U;kf;d@xSj U;kf;d fjekaM es ysus dk vkns'k fdlh naMkf/kdkjh }kjk fn;k x;k gks ,oa gFkdM+h yxkus dk vkns'k ds le; iqfyl }kjk ugh fy;k x;k gks A
tc iqfyl fdlh naMkf/kdkjh }kjk okjaV ds vk/kkj ij fdlh O;fDr dks fxj¶rkj djrh gS rc Hkh fxj¶rkj O;fDr dks gFkdM+h ugh yxk;k tk;sxk vxj naMkf/kdkjh }kjk okjaV fuxZr djus ds le; gFkdM+h yxkus dk vkns'k ugha fn;k x;k gks A
tc iqfyl fdlh O;fDr dks cxSj okjaV fxj¶rkj djrh gS rc mijksDr funsZ'kkuqlkj gh fxj¶rkj O;fDr ds iwoZ vkpj.k ¼fgalkRed O;ogkj vFkok @,oa dSn ls Hkkxus dh dksf'k'k½ ds vk/kkj ij iw.kZ larqf"V djus ds mijkar iqfyl mls U;kf;d naMkf/kdkjh ds le{k izLrqr djus rd gFkdM+h yxk ldrh gs A ysfdu mlds ckn gFkdM+h@ca/ku yxkus ds fy, naMkf/kdkjh dk vkns'k izkIr djuk vfuok;Z gksxk A
¼4½ fxj¶rkjh ds le; fxj¶rkj O;fDr dks fxj¶rkjh dk dkj.k cukus dh vfuok;Zrk ¼lafo/kku dk vuqPNsn 22 (i) rFkk lh0 vkj0 ih0 lh0 /kkjk 50 ½ % fodze cuke LVsV vkWQ caxky] 1975 lh0 vkj0 vkbZ0 ,y0 ts0 1249 ½Vikram V State of West Bengal, 1975, Cri L.J. 1249
¼5½ fxj¶rkj O;fDr dks 24 ?kaVs ds vanj eftLVsªV ds lkeus gkftj djuk vfuok;Z gS A ¼lafo/kku vuqPNsn 22(i) ,oa lh0 vkj0 ih0 lh0 /kkjk 47 ½ ,slk ugha djus ij dSn (Detention) xSjdkuwuh gS A Kultej Singh V Circle Inspector 1992, J1173 Karnatak, 9 Majoj V State of M.P. (1999) 3 SCC 175 ¼6½ eftLVsªV ds }kjk U;kf;d fgjklr esa Hkstus ds vkns'k ij fxj¶rkj O;fDr ds gLrk{kj dk izko/kku ¼ lh0 vkj0 ih0 lh0 /kkjk 167½ % /kkjk 2(ii b) ds rgr tc rd fxj¶rkj O;fDr dks eftLVsªV ds le{k gkftj ugha fd;k tk, og mlds fgjklr dk vkns'k ugha ns ldrk A ;fn fxj¶rkj O;fDr dks eftLVªsV ds le{k gkftj ugh fd;k tk, og mlds fgjklr dk vkns'k ugha ns ldrk A ;fn fxj¶rkj O;fDr dks eftLVsªV ds le{k gkftj djus ds iz'u ij dskbZ fookn gks rks eftLVsªV ds vkns'k ij fxj¶rkj O;fDr ds gLrk{kj ls gh bldk fuiVkjk gksxk A
UkksV %&¼d½ O;ogkj esa eftLVªsV ds lkeus fxj¶rkj O;fDr 'kk;n gh dHkh gkftj fd;s tkrs gSa A bl iz'u dks ysdj dne mBkus dh t:jr gSA blls iqfyl ds }kjk ekjihV dh ?kVuk ij jksd yxsxh A
¼[k½ ,d vU; egRoiw.kZ iz'u mBkus dh t:jr gS A D;k /kkjk 167 ds rgr eftLVsªV ,d jcj LVkEi gS ] tks gj fxj¶rkj O;fDr dks U;kf;d fgjklr esa Hsts ;k mldks ekeys ij lskp fopkj dj foosdiw.kZ fu.kZ; nsuk gS \eftLVªsV dHkh Hkh vius foosd dk mi;ksx ugha djrs vkSj fcuk fxj¶rkj O;fDr ls feys ;k fxj¶rkjh ds dkj.kksa ij fopkj fd;s fxj¶rkj O;fDr dks U;kf;d fgjklr esa Hkst nsrs gSa A izLrqfr % ftrsu nkl ¼gekjs vf/kdkj ] izHkkdj flagk] 2004 ls lkHkkj½